{
  "title": "The State of Ontario Golf Course Websites, 2026",
  "publisher": "byCarvalho Inc.",
  "source": "https://www.bycarvalho.com/research/ontario-golf-course-websites",
  "license": "Free to use with attribution and a link to https://www.bycarvalho.com/research/ontario-golf-course-websites",
  "directoryCourses": 250,
  "crawlDate": "2026-10-14",
  "generated": "2026-10-14",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; byCarvalhoResearch/1.0; +https://www.bycarvalho.com/research/ontario-golf-course-websites)",
  "method": {
    "siteConcurrency": 6,
    "pauseBetweenPageRequestsMs": 700,
    "timeoutMs": 15000,
    "maxAssetsPerPage": 80,
    "robots": "robots.txt fetched first for each origin; disallowed URLs are skipped",
    "javascript": "Not executed: checks read the HTML the server sends"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "Golf Canada facility directory (powers Golf Ontario's Find a Course)",
      "url": "https://www.golfontario.ca/find-a-course/",
      "api": "https://api.golfcanada.ca/api/v1/facilities/search"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenStreetMap leisure=golf_course features inside Ontario (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL)",
      "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/68841",
      "api": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "NGCOA Canada's member list needs a member login, so it was not used.",
    "Golf Canada's directory lists member facilities. Courses outside it are only found if they are mapped in OpenStreetMap.",
    "Some OpenStreetMap golf features are unnamed or duplicate a course mapped as several areas; unnamed features are dropped.",
    "Websites come from the directory, from OpenStreetMap, or from the course's own domain in its directory links. Courses with none of these are listed without a website and not crawled."
  ],
  "counts": {
    "directoryFacilities": 617,
    "coursesListed": 802,
    "coursesWithWebsite": 528,
    "websitesChecked": 525,
    "reachable": 424,
    "blocked": 56,
    "scriptOnly": 10,
    "unreachable": 34,
    "homepageIsBookingPlatform": 1,
    "publicSites": 292,
    "privateSites": 90,
    "unknownTypeSites": 42,
    "coursesCoveredByReachableSites": 425
  },
  "security": {
    "https": {
      "count": 411,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 96.9
    },
    "httpsButCertificateError": {
      "count": 0,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 0
    },
    "httpOnly": {
      "count": 13,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 3.1
    }
  },
  "mobile": {
    "viewport": {
      "count": 400,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 94.3
    }
  },
  "speed": {
    "medianTtfbMs": 128,
    "p75TtfbMs": 318,
    "ttfbBuckets": [
      {
        "label": "Under 200ms",
        "count": 282,
        "pct": 66.5
      },
      {
        "label": "200ms to 500ms",
        "count": 66,
        "pct": 15.6
      },
      {
        "label": "500ms to 1s",
        "count": 46,
        "pct": 10.8
      },
      {
        "label": "1s to 2s",
        "count": 17,
        "pct": 4
      },
      {
        "label": "2s or more",
        "count": 13,
        "pct": 3.1
      }
    ],
    "slowerThanOneSecond": {
      "count": 30,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 7.1
    }
  },
  "weight": {
    "medianMB": 1.1,
    "p75MB": 2.8,
    "p90MB": 13.3,
    "overFiveMB": {
      "count": 70,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 16.5
    },
    "buckets": [
      {
        "label": "Under 1 MB",
        "count": 199,
        "pct": 46.9
      },
      {
        "label": "1 to 2 MB",
        "count": 98,
        "pct": 23.1
      },
      {
        "label": "2 to 4 MB",
        "count": 51,
        "pct": 12
      },
      {
        "label": "4 to 8 MB",
        "count": 17,
        "pct": 4
      },
      {
        "label": "8 MB or more",
        "count": 59,
        "pct": 13.9
      }
    ],
    "imageShare": 28.6
  },
  "booking": {
    "base": "Public and semi-private courses",
    "anyOnlineBooking": {
      "count": 264,
      "base": 292,
      "pct": 90.4
    },
    "destinations": [
      {
        "key": "own_site_embedded",
        "label": "Booking built into the course’s own site",
        "count": 79,
        "pct": 27.1
      },
      {
        "key": "own_site",
        "label": "A booking page on the course’s own site (engine not identified)",
        "count": 22,
        "pct": 7.5
      },
      {
        "key": "third_party_engine",
        "label": "The course’s tee sheet, on a vendor’s website",
        "count": 155,
        "pct": 53.1
      },
      {
        "key": "marketplace",
        "label": "A marketplace that sells many courses’ tee times",
        "count": 8,
        "pct": 2.7
      },
      {
        "key": "other_external",
        "label": "Another website",
        "count": 0,
        "pct": 0
      },
      {
        "key": "none_found",
        "label": "No online booking link found",
        "count": 28,
        "pct": 9.6
      }
    ],
    "bookOnOwnDomain": {
      "count": 79,
      "base": 292,
      "pct": 27.1
    },
    "marketplaceAsMainButton": {
      "count": 8,
      "base": 292,
      "pct": 2.7
    },
    "marketplaceLinkAnywhere": {
      "count": 10,
      "base": 292,
      "pct": 3.4
    },
    "ofSitesWithBooking": {
      "base": 264,
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 234,
        "base": 264,
        "pct": 88.6
      },
      "marketplace": {
        "count": 8,
        "base": 264,
        "pct": 3
      }
    },
    "platforms": [
      {
        "label": "Tee-On",
        "count": 99,
        "pct": 40.9
      },
      {
        "label": "Lightspeed Golf (Chronogolf)",
        "count": 84,
        "pct": 34.7
      },
      {
        "label": "TeeItUp (GolfNow)",
        "count": 19,
        "pct": 7.9
      },
      {
        "label": "Club Prophet",
        "count": 8,
        "pct": 3.3
      },
      {
        "label": "GolfPass",
        "count": 6,
        "pct": 2.5
      },
      {
        "label": "Total e Integrated",
        "count": 6,
        "pct": 2.5
      },
      {
        "label": "Linkline",
        "count": 5,
        "pct": 2.1
      },
      {
        "label": "IBS / Jonas",
        "count": 4,
        "pct": 1.7
      },
      {
        "label": "EZLinks",
        "count": 3,
        "pct": 1.2
      },
      {
        "label": "GolfNow",
        "count": 2,
        "pct": 0.8
      },
      {
        "label": "Visual Touch Golf",
        "count": 2,
        "pct": 0.8
      },
      {
        "label": "foreUP",
        "count": 1,
        "pct": 0.4
      },
      {
        "label": "Golf Genius",
        "count": 1,
        "pct": 0.4
      },
      {
        "label": "EasyTee",
        "count": 1,
        "pct": 0.4
      },
      {
        "label": "Total Club Unity",
        "count": 1,
        "pct": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "privateClubsWithMemberBooking": {
      "count": 35,
      "base": 90,
      "pct": 38.9
    }
  },
  "structuredData": {
    "any": {
      "count": 263,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 62
    },
    "localBusinessFamily": {
      "count": 72,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 17
    },
    "golfCourse": {
      "count": 37,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 8.7
    },
    "invalidJsonLd": {
      "count": 1,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 0.2
    }
  },
  "basics": {
    "metaDescription": {
      "count": 268,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 63.2
    },
    "h1": {
      "count": 278,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 65.6
    },
    "openGraphImage": {
      "count": 174,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 41
    },
    "staleCopyright": {
      "count": 67,
      "base": 220,
      "pct": 30.5,
      "year": 2025
    }
  },
  "membership": {
    "pageLinked": {
      "count": 333,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 78.5
    },
    "onlineApplication": {
      "count": 152,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 35.8
    },
    "ofSitesWithMembershipPage": {
      "count": 152,
      "base": 333,
      "pct": 45.6
    },
    "pdfOnly": {
      "count": 41,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 9.7
    }
  },
  "events": {
    "tournamentPage": {
      "count": 236,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 55.7
    },
    "eventsPage": {
      "count": 317,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 74.8
    },
    "either": {
      "count": 349,
      "base": 424,
      "pct": 82.3
    }
  },
  "platforms": [
    {
      "label": "WordPress",
      "count": 219,
      "pct": 51.7
    },
    {
      "label": "Other or unknown",
      "count": 82,
      "pct": 19.3
    },
    {
      "label": "Wix",
      "count": 40,
      "pct": 9.4
    },
    {
      "label": "Jonas",
      "count": 22,
      "pct": 5.2
    },
    {
      "label": "Squarespace",
      "count": 11,
      "pct": 2.6
    },
    {
      "label": "ASP.NET",
      "count": 10,
      "pct": 2.4
    },
    {
      "label": "Duda",
      "count": 9,
      "pct": 2.1
    },
    {
      "label": "Webflow",
      "count": 7,
      "pct": 1.7
    },
    {
      "label": "Weebly",
      "count": 5,
      "pct": 1.2
    },
    {
      "label": "Next.js",
      "count": 5,
      "pct": 1.2
    },
    {
      "label": "Shopify",
      "count": 4,
      "pct": 0.9
    },
    {
      "label": "GoDaddy",
      "count": 3,
      "pct": 0.7
    },
    {
      "label": "Drupal",
      "count": 3,
      "pct": 0.7
    },
    {
      "label": "Northstar",
      "count": 2,
      "pct": 0.5
    },
    {
      "label": "Joomla",
      "count": 1,
      "pct": 0.2
    },
    {
      "label": "MembersFirst",
      "count": 1,
      "pct": 0.2
    }
  ],
  "regions": [
    {
      "region": "Toronto and the GTA",
      "courses": 190,
      "withWebsite": 118,
      "reachable": 97,
      "publicReachable": 51,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 45,
        "base": 51,
        "pct": 88.2
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 38,
        "base": 51,
        "pct": 74.5
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Hamilton, Halton and Niagara",
      "courses": 70,
      "withWebsite": 51,
      "reachable": 43,
      "publicReachable": 30,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 29,
        "base": 30,
        "pct": 96.7
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 26,
        "base": 30,
        "pct": 86.7
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Southwestern Ontario",
      "courses": 186,
      "withWebsite": 127,
      "reachable": 82,
      "publicReachable": 55,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 52,
        "base": 55,
        "pct": 94.5
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 48,
        "base": 55,
        "pct": 87.3
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Georgian Bay, Simcoe and Grey Bruce",
      "courses": 78,
      "withWebsite": 52,
      "reachable": 42,
      "publicReachable": 29,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 26,
        "base": 29,
        "pct": 89.7
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 21,
        "base": 29,
        "pct": 72.4
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Muskoka, Kawarthas and Haliburton",
      "courses": 63,
      "withWebsite": 40,
      "reachable": 37,
      "publicReachable": 24,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 21,
        "base": 24,
        "pct": 87.5
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 20,
        "base": 24,
        "pct": 83.3
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Eastern Ontario and Ottawa",
      "courses": 129,
      "withWebsite": 89,
      "reachable": 78,
      "publicReachable": 64,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 58,
        "base": 64,
        "pct": 90.6
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 51,
        "base": 64,
        "pct": 79.7
      }
    },
    {
      "region": "Northern Ontario",
      "courses": 86,
      "withWebsite": 51,
      "reachable": 46,
      "publicReachable": 39,
      "onlineBooking": {
        "count": 33,
        "base": 39,
        "pct": 84.6
      },
      "ownTeeSheet": {
        "count": 30,
        "base": 39,
        "pct": 76.9
      }
    }
  ]
}